​​Home visiting is most effective when agencies are collaborating, with standardized training and quality measures that are interwoven with established community-based programming and curriculum's. 
(Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University (2016). From Best Practices to Breakthrough Impacts: A Science-Based Approach to Building a More Promising Future for Young Children and Families..http://www.developingchild.harvard.edu.).

Promise 1000 is modeled after Every Child Succeeds (ECS), a highly successful collaborative evidence-based home visitation program based in Southwest Ohio and Northern Kentucky, founded by Cincinnati Children’s Hospital and Medical Center, The United Way of Greater Cincinnati, regional foundations and the business community. ECS produces strong outcomes including (https://www.everychildsucceeds.org/annual-reports/):

  • The infant mortality rate for families enrolled in the ECS Program is 4.7 per 1,000 live births compared to
    9.9 per 1,000 for the City of Cincinnati.  
  • 89% of infants are born weighing at least 2,500 grams
  • 91% of infants reach 37 weeks or more gestational age
  • 94% of children have an identified medical home
  • 98% of children are on target developmentally with gross and fine motor skills as well as personal and social skills
  • 70% of mothers with major depressive disorder recover following In-Home Cognitive Behavioral Therapy treatment
  • 77% of mothers initiate breast-feeding
  • 8% of mothers quit smoking during the program 

Home Visiting Impacts on Maternal Health & Well-Being Outcomes




Mothers engaged in home visiting through Durham Connects reported more community connections, more positive parenting behaviors, participation in higher quality out-of-home child care, and lower rates of anxiety than control mothers. (Dodge, K. A., Goodman, W. B., Murphy, R. A., O’Donnell, K., Sato, J., & Guptill, S. (2013). Implementation and randomized controlled trial evaluation of universal postnatal nurse home visiting. American Journal of Public Health, published online ahead of print.)


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Studies have shown that mothers that enroll in home visiting when they are pregnant are more likely to have a reduction in smoking cigarettes and have healthier diets during their pregnancy, as well as, be more informed on pregnancy and pregnancy complications. (Olds, D., Kitzman, H (1993). Review of Research on Home Visiting for Pregnant Women and Parents of Young Children. The Future of Children, V3 (3))
Home visiting can be an effective way to prevent or decrease maternal postpartum depression, and provides a connection to mothers that increases the chances of early detection and intervention.(​Milani, H. S., Amiri, P., Mohsey, M., Monfared, E. D., Vaziri, S. M., Malekkhahi, A., & Salmani, F. (2017). Effect of Health Care as the "Home Visiting" on Postpartum Depression: A Controlled Clinical Trial. International journal of preventive medicine, 8, 20. doi:10.4103/2008-7802.204003)
A Kentucky home visiting program found that families in their home visiting program had lower rates of pre-term delivery, parents were less likely to have a substantiated report of child maltreatment, mothers had an increase in adequate prenatal care, and a reduction in maternal complications during pregnancy. Additionally, outcomes improved as prenatal home visits increased. (Williams, CM., Cprek, S., Asaolu, I., English, B., Jewell, T., Smith, K., Robl, J. (2017). Kentucky Health Access Nurturing Development Services Home Visiting Program Improves Maternal and Child Health. Maternal Child Health Journal, 21(5):1166-1174. doi: 10.1007/s10995-016-2215-6.)
Healthy Families Massachusetts completed a study that included first-time young mothers in their home visiting program that yielded positive results including: mothers learning to control stress and curb risky behaviors often occurring within that population including drug use, perpetration of intimate partner violence, and healthy usage of birth control methods. Parents also achieved improved educational attainment that could lead to secure employment and economic self sufficiency.   (Jacobs, F., Easterbrooks, M. A., Goldberg, J., Mistry, J., Bumgarner, E., Raskin, M., Fosse, N., … Fauth, R. (2016). Improving Adolescent Parenting: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Home Visiting Program for Young Families. American journal of public health, 106(2), 342-9.)

Home Visiting Impacts on Child Health & Well- Being Outcomes



​The American Academy of Pediatrics endorses collaboration between home visitors and medical homes to offer strategic ways to integrate and improve services for children and families (Duffee, JH.,Mendelsohn, AL, Kuo AA., et al.  (2017). Early Childhood Home Visiting.  Pediatrics. 2017;140(3):e20172150).
Research from North Carolina Linkages for Prevention showed when home visitors worked with a medical home there were higher numbers of well child care visits completed and lower likelihood of being seen in the ER. Durham Connects also reported fewer infant emergency care episodes, and suggested that home visitation can lead to lower costly emergency medical care. (Dodge, K. A., Goodman, W. B., Murphy, R. A., O'Donnell, K., & Sato, J. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of universal postnatal nurse home visiting: Impact on emergency care. Pediatrics, 132(S2), S140-S146)
REACH-Futures in Chicago demonstrated improved immunization and retention rates in the medical home when families participated in home visiting. (Barnes-Boyd, C., Norr, K. F., & Nacion, K. W. (1996). Evaluation of an interagency home visiting program to reduce postneonatal mortality in disadvantaged communities. Public Health Nursing,13(3), 201-208.)
According to the Virginia Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System (PRAMS), enrollment in Home Visitation prenatally can lead to less pre-term delivery, higher birth weight, and increased breastfeeding rates
​(Shah, M, Austin, K. (2014). Do Home Visiting Services Received During Pregnancy Improve Birth Outcomes? Findings from Virginia PRAMS 2007-2008. Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Public Health Nursing, V31 (5) : pp. 405-413).
The MOM program identified that partnership between home visiting and pediatric care impacted mother's keeping pediatric appointments. Home-visited mothers were >10x more likely to keep pediatric appointments. (Radcliffe J, Schwarz D, Zhao H.  The MOM program: home visiting in partnership with pediatric care.  Pediatrics.  2013;S153-S159.)

Home Visiting Impacts on Child Development & School Readiness Outcomes

Randomized control trials with follow-up studies for participants found that at-risk children who participated in a high-quality, early home visiting program had better cognitive and vocabulary scores by age six (Olds, D. et al 2004) and higher third-grade scores in math and reading than the control group (Olds, D. et al. 2007).
​​Another voluntary home visitation program found that participants were 42.5 percent more likely to graduate from high school than their peers who did not participate (Levenstein, P. et al. 1998).
​Early childhood home visiting is a proven method to address the adverse threats impacting a child’s development and readiness to learn (Duffee, JH.,Mendelsohn, AL, Kuo AA., et al.  (2017). Early Childhood Home Visiting.  Pediatrics. 2017;140(3):e20172150).

Home Visiting Impacts on Home Safety & Family Resilience Outcomes

 “Ten trials of early childhood home visitation indicated reduced death, Child Protective Services reports, emergency department visits, hospitalizations, self-reports of abuse and neglect and improved adherence to immunizations and well-child care." (Selph, S., Bougatsos, C., Blazina, I., and Nelson, H. Behavioral Interventions and Counseling to Prevent Child Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review to Update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation (2013). Annals of Internal Medicine, V158 (3), Retrieved February 27th, 2013 from http://annals.org.).
Virginia Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring (PRAMS) (Cited Above) indicated that participants in their research that were involved in home visiting were less likely to be abused. Citing that violence during pregnancy has been linked to birth outcomes such as reduced birth weight (Aizer (2010). Poverty, violence and health: The impact of domestic violence during pregnancy on newborn health.Providence, RI: Brown University).
“Home visiting mitigates ACEs by increasing family and child resilience and empowering parents to raise healthy, strong children in the face of adversity. Numerous studies and reports have detailed the value and promise of home
visiting programs in preventing child abuse. The US Commission on the Elimination of Child Abuse Fatalities Report, released in 2016, included recommendations that home visiting services be expanded to reach more families at risk for child abuse and child fatalities. In their final report in December 2016, the Missouri Task Force on the Prevention of Infant Abuse included expanding home visiting services to families at risk of child abuse as one of their key recommendations.” (Children’s Trust Fund (March 2019). Expanding and Enhancing Home Visiting in Missouri – An analysis by the Missouri Children’s Trust Fund (CTF). Prevention Sense News, Retrieved 4/8/19 from https://files.constantcontact.com/48153d72701/31c2c956-285f-45c9-9668-bc946bfbaecc.pdf. 

Investing in Early Childhood Impacts Long-Term Outcomes
https://heckmanequation.org/the-heckman-equation